Every year, on 20 June, we celebrate World Refugee Day. The focus this year is on the right to seek safety. Everyone on the planet has the right to seek safety, no matter who they are, where they come from or when they are forced to flee. In 2022, as a result of Russia’s war on Ukraine, Europe is receiving a large new wave of refugees in search of peace and safety.

World Refugee Day: EU solidarity with Ukraine

The EU Temporary Protection Directive enables EU Member States to move rapidly to offer protection and rights to people in need of immediate protection and to avoid overwhelming national asylum systems in cases of mass arrivals of displaced persons. Although invoked several times in the past, the directive has never been activated before. Russia's military aggression prompted a unanimous decision in the Council to grant temporary protection (for an initial period of one year) to people fleeing the war in Ukraine. This temporary protection may be extended automatically by two six-monthly periods, for a maximum of another year. The EU's decision to grant temporary protection has been widely welcomed and the directive is considered the most appropriate instrument under the current exceptional circumstances. There are, however, still many open questions as to its practical implementation in the EU Member States.

EPRS policy podcast - Temporary protection directive

International law imposes an obligation to render assistance to persons and ships in distress at sea, which must be provided regardless of the persons' nationality or status or the circumstances in which they are found. Nevertheless, over the last couple of years, the Mediterranean Sea has been the backdrop for the largest number of casualties and missing people. One solution, proposed by academics, could be the harmonisation of the fragmented legal regime for maritime interceptions.

EPRS podcast policy - Search and rescue in the Mediterranean

The European Parliament&nbsp;plays&nbsp;a central role in shaping the EU’s migration and asylum policy by&nbsp;scrutinising&nbsp;legislation,&nbsp;monitoring&nbsp;implementation of existing rules, and&nbsp;holding&nbsp;the European Commission and Member States accountable. Parliament&nbsp;emphasises&nbsp;the need for a fair, efficient, and humane system that&nbsp;ensures&nbsp;solidarity and responsibility-sharing among Member States,&nbsp;protects&nbsp;fundamental rights, and&nbsp;supports&nbsp;vulnerable people. MEPs&nbsp;engage&nbsp;in debates, propose amendments, and&nbsp;oversee&nbsp;cooperation with third countries, focusing on safe and legal migration pathways, effective asylum procedures, and the management of returns. Through these actions, the European Parliament&nbsp;guides&nbsp;the development and implementation of EU migration and asylum policies across the Union.

The Parliament votes&nbsp; during the Plenary on new rules on safe countries of origin and safe third countries

Safe countries of origin

The first EU common list of safe countries of origin will include, in line with the Commission proposal, Bangladesh, Colombia, Egypt, India, Kosovo, Morocco and Tunisia. It will allow for accelerated processing of asylum claims from nationals of these countries.

EU candidate countries will also be presumed to be safe for their own nationals, unless specific circumstances — such as indiscriminate violence linked to armed conflict, an EU-wide asylum recognition rate above 20%, or sanctions for fundamental rights violations — justify a different assessment.

Member states would still retain the possibility to designate additional safe countries of origin at the national level, except for those suspended from the list by the EU. Parliament and Council negotiators decided that certain provisions on designation of a safe country at national level and early application of accelerated border procedures could apply before the EU asylum legislation becomes generally applicable in June 2026.

Safe third countries

Updated rules will allow EU member states to declare asylum applications inadmissible where applicants have either a connection to, transited through, or can be transferred to a non-EU country deemed safe, based on bilateral or EU level agreements with third countries. Under the new legislation, appealing an inadmissibility decision will not automatically suspend the return decisions.

Migration

EP President Metsola made&nbsp;a statement at the opening of the February session, followed by a full debate on the emergency humanitarian aid the EU can provide to Türkiye and Syria after the catastrophic earthquake, which cost the lives of more than 30 000&nbsp;people and destroyed tens of thousands of buildings, leaving hundreds of thousands homeless.

Turkey has been candidate for EU membership since 1999. Accession negotiations started in 2005. In recent years the EU is often criticizing the backsliding of the country in certain areas. As a major emerging economy and a member of NATO and G20, Türkiye&nbsp;is recognised as an active regional foreign policy player, with a strategic location, including for the EU's energy security. Turkey is a key strategic partner of the EU on issues such as migration, security, counter-terrorism, and the economy, but according to the EU has been backsliding in the areas of democracy, rule of law and fundamental right.

EU - Türkiye

Europe is faced with a significant influx of migrants: hundreds of thousands of people fleeing from war and poverty are travelling to Europe in search of safety and a better life. 

The increase in migration to Europe requires a response from the EU on a number of levels. Firstly, policies to handle regular and irregular immigration, and secondly, common EU-wide rules on asylum. The migrant crisis of late has also resulted in a need for additional measures and reforms to ensure border security as well as a fairer distribution of asylum seekers among EU countries.

Migration - 8th Parliamentary term

The number of international migrants worldwide has continued to grow rapidly in recent years, reaching 258 million in 2017, up from 220 million in 2010 and 173 million in 2000.

Refugee movements and migration are at the centre of global attention. In recent years, Europe has had to respond to the most severe migratory challenge since the end of the Second World War. The unprecedented arrival of refugees and irregular migrants in the EU, which peaked in 2015, exposed a series of deficiencies and gaps in EU policies on asylum, external borders and migration.

Migration (2020)

EP President, Roberta METSOLA meets with UN High commissioner for Refugees, Barham SALIH

MEPs, with the Commission and the Danish Presidency, debate the next steps in implementing the Pact on Migration and Asylum 

The Commission is set to table the first European annual asylum and migration report, accompanied by a decision on EU countries that are experiencing migratory pressure and are therefore entitled to rely on the use of solidarity contributions from other member states. A proposal identifying concrete annual solidarity measures, including relocations, financial contributions and alternative solidarity measures, is also expected at the same time.

In the plenary debate, MEPs are expected to voice their concerns about, and priorities for, migration policy, including how to ensure an effective, fair, and humane approach to migration, and the importance of cooperation with countries outside the EU.

Parliament is currently working on three legislative proposals to complete and complement the legislative framework of the EU’s Pact on Migration and Asylum, including an EU-wide list of safe countries of origin, revised rules governing the “safe third country” concept, and a common European system for returning third-country nationals that have been found to be staying in the EU illegally.

EP Plenary debate on next steps in implementing the Pact on Migration and Asylum

MEPs discuss with the European Commission potential changes to EU legislation on the return of third-country nationals with no legal right to stay in Europe. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen calls for a common approach to returns and stresses the importance of cooperation with third countries on readmitting their nationals. As the EU prepares to implement the new Pact on Migration and Asylum, the debate focuses on securing external borders, strengthening screening processes, and improving return procedures. Poland’s proposal to temporarily suspend asylum requests and Italy’s plan to process asylum seekers in Albania are also discussed.

Managing migration in an effective and holistic way through fostering returns

MEPs delve into the management of Europe’s external borders and the role of the EU Border and Coast Guard Agency.  
Migratory pressures towards Europe are expected to increase and cross border-crime will continue to evolve in the context of geopolitical instabilities in the EU’s neighbourhood, requiring enhanced border management. Commission President Ursula von der Leyen told Parliament in July that Frontex could further increase its staff to 30 000 agents. MEPs quiz the Commission on technological solutions and possible changes to Frontex’s mandate. They are also likely to raise the issue of the instrumentalisation of migrants by third countries as well as fundamental rights violations at the EU’s borders.
This debate take place against the backdrop of the EU and its member states continuing to prepare for the implementation of the Pact on Migration and Asylum and, in particular the screening regulation, to improve security checks for persons arriving in the EU irregularly and speed up asylum and return procedures for those not entitled to international protection.

Strengthening the security of Europe’s external borders: need for a comprehensive approach and enhanced Frontex support

After a stabbing attack in Solingen, Germany, MEPs discuss how to manage unauthorised movements of third-country nationals within the EU. This follows Germany’s decision to reintroduce border controls on all land borders for six months to improve detection of illegal entries.

MEPs are raising concerns about the impact of these checks on Schengen free movement and reviewing preparations for the upcoming Pact on Migration and Asylum, set for 2026. The Pact focuses on strengthening security checks and accelerating asylum and return procedures for those not entitled to protection.

Need to prevent security threats like the Solingen attack through addressing illegal migration and effective return

Voting session

MEPs discuss and vote on Wednesday on ten new bills updating the EU asylum and migration rules, emphasising cooperation and mandatory but flexible solidarity. 

Plenary wraps up this term’s legislative work in the field of migration and asylum with a debate with the Belgian Council Presidency and the Commission on the outcome of negotiations over the Migration and Asylum Pact. The already agreed texts aim to improve cooperation among European states and enhance the EU’s response in case of crises. 

The Pact encompasses a new framework for a comprehensive asylum and migration policy based on solidarity, fair responsibility sharing, and updated rules on criteria and mechanisms to determine the member state responsible for examining an application for international protection (formerly known as the Dublin rules). Member states will be able to choose between relocating asylum applicants to their territory, making financial contributions or providing operational and technical support to member states under migratory pressure. 

There will be specific rules for crisis situations, and the rules on reception standards for asylum applicants will be updated. The amended qualification rules will set uniform standards across the EU to recognise people applying for international protection, as well as their rights. There will be a faster common procedure –including provisions on inadmissible claims and more expedited returns- across the EU to grant and to withdraw international protection, following an initial pre-entry screening and registration of fingerprints and facial images in a common database (Eurodac). Finally, a new EU framework for resettlement will regulate the opportunities for refugees in third countries to come to the EU, based on member states’ voluntary participation

Plenary debate - EU migration and asylum rules

Press conference by Sophie IN ’T VELD, Fabienne KELLER, Matjaž NEMEC and Jorge BUXADÉ VILLALBA rapporteurs on Migration Pact files (First part)
Press conference by Tomas TOBÉ (EPP, SE), Juan Fernando LÓPEZ AGUILAR (S&D, ES), Birgit SIPPEL (S&D, DE) and Malin BJÖRK (The Left, SE) rapporteurs on Migration Pact files (Second part)

Press conference on Asylum and migration pact files

Roberta METSOLA, EP President meets with Barham SALIH, UN High commissioner for Refugees

EP Plenary Session - Spain’s large-scale regularisation policy and its impact on the Schengen Area and EU migration policy

The EU and its Member States have made efforts and funds available to support the integration of displaced people from Ukraine in terms of employment, housing, education and healthcare. Research indicates that Ukrainian refugees have a high employment rate in host countries, reflecting the circular mobility pattern observed among Ukrainians prior to 2022, when they were the largest non-EU workforce within the EU. However, with no end to the war in sight, the situation of Ukrainian refugees remains uncertain.

Displaced Ukrainians

EP Plenary session - Restoring control of migration: returns, visa policy and third-country cooperation

EP Plenary session - The first European Annual Asylum and Migration report and the setting up of the Annual Solidarity Pool

EP Plenary session - Topical debate by a political group (PfE) - After 10 years, time to end mass migration now - protect our women and children

EP Plenary session - Managing migration in an effective and holistic way through fostering returns

EP Plenary session - Strengthening the security of Europe’s external borders: need for a comprehensive approach and enhanced Frontex support No resolution

EP Plenary session - Commission statement - Need to prevent security threats like the Solingen attack through addressing illegal migration and effective return

This video presents extracts from the meeting between EP President Roberta METSOLA and UN High Commissioner for Refugees Barham SALIH.

Roberta METSOLA, EP President meets with Barham SALIH, UN High Commissioner for Refugees: extracts from the roundtable

Alessandro CIRIANI (ECR, IT) and Lena DÜPONT (EPP, DE), rapporteurs, hold a press conference on safe countries of origin and safe third country concept. This transcription is a result of an automatic process. Please check against delivery.

Press conference by Alessandro CIRIANI (ECR, IT) and Lena DÜPONT (EPP, DE), rapporteurs on Safe countries of origin and safe third country concept

MEPs vote on: 1. Alessandro Ciriani (LIBE A10-0259/2025) - Establishment of a list of safe countries of origin at Union level - 2. Lena Düpont (LIBE A10-0255/2025) - Application of the ‘safe third country’ concept.

Voting session on establishment of list of safe countries of origin and application of "safe third country" concept

One round of political group speakers on the CIRIANI and DÜPONT reports (establishment of list of safe countries of origin and application of "safe third country" concept)

One round of political group speakers, followed by a voting session on the following files: 1. Decision to enter interinstitutional negotiations: Düpont (A10-0255/2025) - Application of the ‘safe third country’ concept - 2. Decision to enter interinstitutional negotiations: Ciriani (A10-0259/2025) - Establishment of a list of safe countries of origin at Union level.

One round of political group speakers, followed by voting session on the ‘safe third country’ concept and on the establishment of a list of safe countries of origin

MEPs discuss the next steps in implementing the Migration and Asylum Pact, with Commissioner for Internal Affairs and Migration Magnus BRUNNER and Danish Minister BJERRE. Yesterday, the Commission tabled its first annual asylum and migration report, accompanied by a decision determining which Member States are under “migratory pressure" and therefore eligible to access the solidarity pool when the Migration Pact enters into application in mid-2026 pool. Opening statements by Marie BJERRE, Danish Minister for European Affairs, and Magnus BRUNNER, European Commissioner for Internal Affairs and Migration. Closing statements by Magnus BRUNNER, European Commissioner for Internal Affairs and Migration, and Marie BJERRE, Danish Minister for European Affairs.

The first European Annual Asylum and Migration report and the setting up of the Annual Solidarity Pool: Closing statements by Magnus BRUNNER, European Commissioner for Internal Affairs, and Marie BJERRE, Danish Minister for European Affairs

MEPs discuss the next steps in implementing the Migration and Asylum Pact, with Commissioner for Internal Affairs and Migration Magnus BRUNNER and Danish Minister BJERRE. Yesterday, the Commission tabled its first annual asylum and migration report, accompanied by a decision determining which Member States are under “migratory pressure" and therefore eligible to access the solidarity pool when the Migration Pact enters into application in mid-2026 pool. Second part of MEPs debate.

The first European Annual Asylum and Migration report and the setting up of the Annual Solidarity Pool: MEPs debate (part 2)

MEPs discuss the next steps in implementing the Migration and Asylum Pact, with Commissioner for Internal Affairs and Migration Magnus BRUNNER and Danish Minister BJERRE. Yesterday, the Commission tabled its first annual asylum and migration report, accompanied by a decision determining which Member States are under “migratory pressure" and therefore eligible to access the solidarity pool when the Migration Pact enters into application in mid-2026 pool. First part of MEPs debate.

migration and refugees in Europe (T)

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