The Roma are Europe's largest ethnic minority. Out of an estimated total of 10-12 million in Europe, some 6 million live in the EU, and most of them are citizens of an EU country. The estimated share of the Roma in EU countries in 2012 ranges from 10.3% in Bulgaria, 9.1% in Slovakia, 8.3% in Romania, 7% in Hungary, 2.5% in Greece, 2% in Czechia and 1.6% in Spain, to less than 1% in most of the other countries.

According to the latest report of the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) published in 2024, 31 % of Roma people felt discriminated against based on their ethnic background in the 12 months preceding the survey in at least one of the following areas of life: when looking for work or at work; in education (as students or as parents/guardians of students); in health; in housing; in administrative offices or public services; or when in other public or private services such as restaurants, bars, night clubs, hotels, shops or public transport. This finding suggests no substantial change in comparison with 2016, when the value was 26 %

19 % of the sample experienced at least one out of five forms of hate-motivated harassment in the 12 months preceding the survey, confirming a positive trend in the reduction of harassment in comparison with the 30 % reported in 2016.

Furthermore, 70 % of them are at risk of poverty:The percentage has decreased in comparison with 2016 (80 %).

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