GMO stands for genetically modified organisms. They are organisms whose genetic material has been artificially modified in order to give it a new property. For example, this could be to make it easier for a plant to resist a disease, insects or drought, or to increase crop productivity.

The EU's GMO legislation stems from 1990 when the first two directives concerning GMOs came into force. Both original directives have since been updated, but the definition of a GMO has remained unchanged. This is causing problems for new techniques developed since then. New plant genetic modification techniques, referred to as 'gene editing' or 'genome editing', have evolved rapidly in recent years, allowing much faster and more precise results than conventional plant-breeding techniques. They are seen as a promising, innovative field for the agri-food industry, offering great technical potential.There is, however, considerable debate as to how these new techniques should be regulated, and whether some or all of them should fall within the scope of EU legislation on genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

See more on this topic by visiting our <a href="https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/genetically-modified-organism-8th-parliamentary-term_6504_pk">package</a> for the 8th parliamentary term.

Genetically modified organism

In March 2015, the co-legislators adopted new EU rules allowing Member States to prohibit or restrict the cultivation of crops containing genetically modified organisms (GMOs) on their territory, even if they are allowed at EU level.

Under the old rules (Directive 2001/18/EC), Member States could provisionally ban or restrict the use of a GMO on their territory only if they had new evidence that the organism concerned constituted a risk to human health or the environment, or in the case of an emergency.

Genetically modified organism - 8th parliamentary term

EP Plenary session - Plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feed

Maria HEUBUCH (Greens/EFA, DE), STAES, Bart (Greens/EFA,BE)

Greens-EFA debate on GMOs

Plenary session week 3 2015 in Strasbourg - Explanations of vote - Possibility for the Membe States to restrict or prohibit the cultivation of GMOs

Plenary session week 3 2015 in Strasbourg - Possibility for the Member States to restrict or prohibit the cultivation of GMOs

ENVI committee meeting - Vote on Possibility for the Member States to restrict or prohibit the cultivation of GMOs in their territory

Agricultural production

Vegetable production, pesticides

1.Decision on the annulment of the decision of the Commission on the withdrawal of the Standard essential patents proposal 2.Safety of toys and repealing Directive 3. Enhancing Police cooperation in relation to the prevention, detection and investigation of migrant smuggling and trafficking in human beings 4. European Defense Industry Program 5. Partial renewal of Members of the Court of Auditors 6. Existence of a clear risk of a serious breach by Hungary of the values on which the Union is founded 7.Ensuring biological control agents 8. Institutional aspects of the report on the future of European competitiveness (Draghi Report) 9. Impact of artificial intelligence on the financial sector 10. 2024 budget – assessing the implementation of the gender mainstreaming methodology in the EU budget11. Genetically modified maize 12. Genetically modified cotton 13. Genetically modified oilseed rape 14. Genetically modified soybean 15. Genetically modified maize

Voting Session

This infoclip illustrates research, innovation and science in the EU. The European Commission is investing over €7.3 billion through its newly adopted Horizon Europe work programme for 2025 to strengthen Europe's research and innovation engine and global edge. This will drive cutting-edge science, accelerate the EU's green and digital transitions, and enhance Europe's competitiveness. The programme will help attract and retain top researchers in Europe and offer targeted support to those affected by war and displacement

Infoclip: Research, innovation and science in the EU

MEPs vote on the following files: Arrest and risk of execution of Tundu Lissu, Chair of Chadema, the main opposition party in Tanzania, Return of Ukrainian children forcibly transferred and deported by Russia, Violations of religious freedom in Tibet, Ninth report on economic and social cohesion, CO2 emission performance standards, The protection status of the wolf (Canis lupus), The role of gas storage for securing gas supplies ahead of the winter season, The screening of foreign investments in the Union and repealing Regulation (EU) 2019/452 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Suspending certain parts of Regulation (EU) 2015/478 as regards imports of Ukrainian products into the European Union, Competition policy – annual report 2024, Banking Union – annual report 2024, Objection (ENVI) Genetically modified soybean, Old challenges and new commercial practices in the internal market.

Voting session

Csaba Molnár (CONT 21/11): Partial renewal of a member of the Court of Auditors – Motions for a resolution: Objection pursuant to Rule 115(2) and (3): Genetically modified maize - Objection pursuant to Rule 115(2) and (3): Genetically modified cotton - Objection pursuant to Rule 115(2) and (3): Genetically modified maize and eight of its sub-combinations - Objection pursuant to Rule : Genetically modified maize - Objection pursuant to Rule 115(2) and (3): Genetically modified maize - Objection pursuant to Rule 115(2) and (3): Genetically modified maize - Objection pursuant to Rule 115(2) and (3): Genetically modified maize DP202216 115(2-3) - Objection pursuant to Rule 115(2) and (3): Genetically modified maize

This news item shows scenes from a Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) laboratory, highlighting plant research, scientists at work, in vitro samples, and genetically modified plant cultures. NGTs encompass a range of techniques that modify an organism's genetic material. In the EU, all plants derived from NGTs are regulated under the same stringent rules as GMOs. NGTs hold the potential to enhance the sustainability and resilience of our food system by developing improved plant varieties that are climate resilient, pest resistant, and yield more while needing fewer fertilizers and pesticides.

Infoclip: New genomic techniques

During the plenary session, MEPs debate and vote the position of the Parliament for negotiations with EU countries on EU rules on new genomic techniques to make our food system more sustainable and resilient.

New genomic techniques: statement by Jessica POLFJÄRD (EPP, SE), extracts from the debate and votes

MEPs debate the position of the Parliament for negotiations with EU countries on EU rules on new genomic techniques to make our food system more sustainable and resilient.

Plants obtained by certain genomic techniques and their food and feed: MEPs debate (Part 2)

MEPs debate the position of the Parliament for negotiations with EU countries on EU rules on new genomic techniques to make our food system more sustainable and resilient. Closing statements by Helena DALLI, European Commissioner for Equality and Jessica POLFJÄRD, (EPP, SE), Rapporteur.

Plants obtained by certain genomic techniques and their food and feed: closing statements by Helena DALLI, European Commissioner for Equality and Jessica POLFJÄRD, (EPP, SE), Rapporteur

cultivation of GMOs on the territory of Member States (T)

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