Recent events have multiplied concerns about potential fragmentation of the internet into a multitude of non-interoperable and disconnected 'splinternets'. Composed of thousands of compatible autonomous systems, the internet is by definition technically divided. Yet, the internet was also designed to be an open and global technical infrastructure. The unity and openness of the internet appear to be under great pressure from political, commercial and technological developments. This report explores the implications of the EU's recent policies in this field as well as the opportunities and challenges for EU Member States and institutions in addressing internet fragmentation. It underlines how recent EU legislative proposals – on the digital services act, digital markets act, artificial intelligence act, and NIS 2 Directive – could help to address patterns of fragmentation, but also have limitations and potentially unintended consequences.

EPRS Science and Technology Podcast - 'Splinternets': Addressing the renewed debate on internet fragmentation

&lt;p>The internet is a critical technology infrastructure for almost two thirds of the global population. We use the internet for personal, civic, commercial and professional activities. Failure of the internet would majorly impact how our societies, lives and work is organised. While a total global collapse of the internet is unlikely, major disruptions may arise. Three aspects are key in understanding of how this could materialise: the underlying technological infrastructures, which are evolving with time; the fact that tech companies are increasingly shaping the Internet architecture to seek new commercial strategies; and the increasing control of the digital sphere for political reasons.&lt;/p>

EPRS policy podcast - Future shocks 2023: Collapse of the Internet

Splet so preplavili globoki ponaredki, računalniško spremenjene fotografije in posnetki, ki spreminjajo našo resničnost. Vplivajo na naše dojemanje dogodkov in izjav, umetno ustvarjajo napačne predstave in tako povzročajo trenja. Torstne ponaredke je mogoče uporabiti tudi za kazniva dejanja. Ker je internet dostopen povsod, je to velik izziv za lokalne, nacionalne in nadnacionalne pravne sisteme. Zoper globoke ponaredke je torej treba ukrepati tudi na ravni Evropske unije.

Globoki ponaredki - SL

Since its early development in the 1960s, Internet infrastructure has become almost as important as electricity and transport infrastructures in contemporary societies. More and more key services such as banking, food retail, and health care, rely on Internet connections. Despite its original resilient decentralised design, the increasing importance of a few central players and centralising developments have made the Internet more vulnerable to failure. What repercussions would that entail? Listen to our podcast to know more!

EPRS STOA podcast - What if the Internet failed?

Internet je korenito spremenil naše navade, med drugim tudi to, kako rezerviramo počitnice. Zato se je Evropska unija odločila prilagoditi pravila, ki ščitijo potnike na paketnih potovanjih. Nova pravila

Kaj Evropa počne za potnike na paketnih potovanjih?

Imate dovolj rumenih novic? Niste edini. Evropa vam na poti do napredne uporabe interneta pomaga na tri načine.

Tokrat si poglejmo, kaj Evropa počne za ozaveščene uporabnike interneta.

Morda ste tudi vi eden od mnogih, ki v Evropi uporabljajo to novo internetno možnost za financiranje posebnih projektov. Ta sistem tudi vlagateljem omogoča, da investirajo v zanimive ideje.

Oglejmo si, kaj Evropa počne za uporabnike množičnega financiranja

V našem času je treba skoraj za vsako zaposlitev obvladati nekatere digitalne veščine. V Evropski uniji kar 44 % ljudi ne zna dobro uporabljati digitalnih orodij in okoli 20 % jih še nikoli ni uporabljalo interneta. Kako si Unija prizadeva, da bi to popravila?

Kaj Evropa počne za ljudi, ki bi želeli pridobiti digitalna znanja?

A ban on "roaming" surcharges for using mobile phones abroad in the EU, to take effect from June 2017, and clear rules on the right to internet access, will become law when Parliament takes its final vote on the new telecoms package.

Roaming fees for calling, sending text messages and using mobile internet abroad in the EU will be banned from 15 June 2017.

Roaming - 8th parliamentary term

Internet use and the number of connected devices continue to increase, but so do cyber threats. Parliament has approved new legislation to improve your security.

Activities by cybercriminals are increasing in complexity and sophistication. On Tuesday 12 March 2019, MEPs voted in favour of the cybersecurity act which aims to improve the European response to the increasing number of cyber threats by strengthening the role of the European Agency for Network and Information Security (Enisa) and establishing a common cybersecurity certification framework.

Under the plans Enisa will get more staff and funding, while cybersecurity cooperation between EU countries will be intensified. There will be standardised certification for IT equipment across Europe. Initially certification is voluntary.

See more on this topic by visiting our <a href="https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/cybersecurity-8th-parliamentary-term_11301_pk">package</a> for the 8th parliamentary term. ​​​​​​​

Cybersecurity (2020)

The proposed "Directive on copyright in the Digital Single Market" seeks to ensure that creatives and news publishers and journalists benefit from the online world and the internet as they do from the offline world.

n March 2019 MEPs adopted by 348 votes in favour, 274 against and 36 abstentions a new directive on Copyright. This marks the end of the legislative process for the European Parliament that began in 2016. The directive aims to ensure that the longstanding rights and obligations of copyright law also apply to the internet. YouTube, Facebook and Google News are some of the internet household names that will be most directly affected by this legislation. The directive also strives to ensure that the internet remains a space for freedom of expression.

Copyright directive

Creatives and news publishers will be empowered to negotiate with internet giants thanks to new copyright rules which also contain safeguards on freedom of expression.

In March 2019 MEPs adopted by 348 votes in favour, 274 against and 36 abstentions a new directive on Copyright. This marks the end of the legislative process for the European Parliament that began in 2016. The directive aims to ensure that the longstanding rights and obligations of copyright law also apply to the internet. YouTube, Facebook and Google News are some of the internet household names that will be most directly affected by this legislation. The directive also strives to ensure that the internet remains a space for freedom of expression.

#EUelections2019 - Copyright

Speech by Roberta METSOLA, EP President at EPP Hearing on Internet Safety for Children

EP Plenary session - Oral question - The new European strategy for a better internet for kids (BIK+)

Otvoritev seje

Pogodbe o finančnih storitvah, sklenjene na daljavo (razprava)

Čiščenje komunalnih odpadnih voda (razprava)

Zahteva za odvzem imunitete

Nadaljnje ukrepanje na podlagi sklepa Parlamenta o imuniteti

Nova evropska strategija za boljši internet za otroke (BIK+) (razprava)

Nadaljevanje seje

Čas glasovanja

Sprejetje zapisnika predhodne seje

Slabe sanitarne razmere in varnost ter premajhno število parkirnih mest na počivališčih za voznike tovornjakov (razprava)

Obrazložitev glasovanja

Sprejetje zapisnika te seje in posredovanje sprejetih besedil

Datum naslednjih sej

Zaključek seje

Prekinitev zasedanja

Plenary session

Internet access: a new human right

Poimenska sestava medparlamentarnih delegacij: gl. zapisnik

Sestava odborov: gl. zapisnik

Priprava izrednega zasedanja Evropskega sveta 20. februarja 2020 o večletnem finančnem okviru (razprava)

Sestava odborov in delegacij

Sporočilo predsedujočega

Popravki in namere glasovanja: gl. zapisnik

Sprejetje zapisnika predhodne seje: gl. zapisnik

Socialna Evropa v digitalnem svetu (tematska razprava)

Strategija za enakost spolov (razprava)

Prednostne naloge EU za 64. zasedanje Komisije OZN za položaj žensk (razprava)

Sestava odborov in delegacij: gl. zapisnik

Sistem lažnih in pravih dokumentov na spletu (FADO) (razprava)

Stanje na področju boja EU proti pranju denarja ob upoštevanju afere Luanda Leaks (razprava)

Članstvo v političnih skupinah: gl. zapisnik

Humanitarni položaj beguncev na zunanjih mejah EU (razprava)

Boljši internet za otroke (razprava)

Koronavirus: zagotavljanje temeljnih pravic in usklajen evropski odziv (razprava)

Sprejetje zapisnika seje: gl. zapisnik

Dnevni red naslednje seje: gl. zapisnik

Plenary

Spodbujanje internetne povezljivosti v lokalnih skupnostih (razprava)

Promotion of internet connectivity in local communities (debate)

Internetna povezljivost za rast, konkurenčnost in kohezijo: evropska gigabitna družba in 5G - Digitalizacija evropske industrije (razprava)

Internet connectivity for growth, competitiveness and cohesion: European gigabit society and 5G - Digitising European industry (debate)

Nedavni prenos upravljanja funkcij organa IANA na svetovno internetno skupnost oktobra 2016 in prihodnji forum o upravljanju interneta, ki bo potekal v Mehiki (od 6. do 8. decembra 2016) (razprava)

Recent transition of the IANA stewardship to the global internet community in October 2016 and the upcoming Internet Governance Forum in Mexico (6-8 December 2016) (debate)

Video Hearing with the Senate of the Italian Republic - Statement by David SASSOLI, EP President on Internet as a human right

' Ideas for a new world '  Internet access: a new human right - Debate with EC President and former EC President- Introduction by David SASSOLI, EP President

JURI committee meeting. Exchange of views with Romanian Presidency. Presentation of study on Essential Patents and Internet of Things, commissioned by the European Parliament's Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of JURI committee

Facebook & Other Social Dangers - The political, social and financial impactof the big internet monopolies

Data Protection Policy on Internet - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

Internet privacy settings on a computer

The Internet of the Human Body: Towards a habeas data?

MEPs vote on several texts: opening of negotiations on the Union Code on the rules governing the movement of persons across borders - Guillaume, Human rights situation in Afghanistan, in particular the persecution of former government officials - Motion for resolution, the case of Zarema Musaeva in Chechnya - Motion for resolution, Egypt, in particular the sentencing of Hisham Kassem - Motion for resolution, European green bonds - Tang, Scheme of generalised tariff preferences - Hautala, Financial services contracts concluded at a distance - Kokalari, Urban wastewater treatment. Recast - Torvalds, Situation in Nagorno-Karabakh after Azerbaijan’s attack - Motion for resolution, Taking stock of Moldova’s path to the EU - Motion for resolution, The new European strategy for a better internet for kids (BIK+) - Motion for resolution.

Voting session: Union Code on the rules governing the movement of persons across borders, the new European strategy for a better internet for kids (BIK+), taking stock of Moldova’s path to the EU

The internet provides many opportunities for kids to learn and explore, to be creative or to interact with their friends and family, but it also entails many risks such as cyberbullying, age-inappropriate content, disinformation and sexual abuse. In May 2022, the European Commission published a new European strategy for a better internet for kids (BIK+). The new strategy contributes to the vision for the EU's digital transformation by 2030 and reflects the principle, 'Children and young people should be protected and empowered online'. Restrictions: ©The material may not be edited and must be shown entirely.

EPRS - Creating a better internet for kids

Prázdninové plány zmařené přísnými lockdownovými pravidly, nedostatek kontaktu s jinými lidmi a dva teenageři doma – rodina Diaconescu si prožila své. Co je během pandemie drželo nad vodou? Celý příběh rodiny Diaconescu si můžete poslechnout v rozhovoru, který v červenci 2021 poskytli ve videu z cyklu „Spojeni v odloučení“.

Spojeni v odloučení | Příběh rodiny Diaconescu: „Naše děti se s kamarády mohly spojit jen přes internet“

Die Urlaubspläne zunichtegemacht, die sozialen Beziehungen auf Eis gelegt und zwei Teenager zuhause – die Coronapandemie und die damit verbundene Ausgangssperre stellte Familie Diaconescu auf eine harte Probe. Wie haben sie diese Herausforderung gemeistert? Familie Diaconescu erzählt ihre Geschichte in dem Video-Interview an, das sie im Juli 2021 für „Gemeinsam getrennt“ gab.

Gemeinsam getrennt | Familie Diaconescus Geschichte: „Unsere Kinder konnten nur übers Internet mit ihren Freunden in Verbindung bleiben“

Parlament bo na zadnjem plenarnem zasedanju leta 2021 Alekseju Navalnemu podelil nagrado Saharova za svobodo misli za leto 2021. Poslanci bodo razpravljali o tem, kako strožje urediti velike spletne platforme, in glasovali o razglasitvi leta 2022 za evropsko leto mladih. Vse to in še več v Strasbourgu

Napovednik za Strasbourg: Nagrada Saharova, internetni velikani in mladina

David SASSOLI, EP President, gives a statement on "Internet as a human right" during a Video Hearing with the Senate of the Italian Republic (Extraordinry Committee for the protection and the promotion of Human Rights). Recorded statement. This transcription speech is the result of an automatic process. Check against delivery.

Statement by David SASSOLI, EP President on "Internet as a human right" during a video Hearing of the Senate of the Italian Republic (recorded)

It is increasingly recognised that the internet, in spite of all its benefits to society, can also be correlated with significant harms to individuals and society. Some of these harms have been studied extensively, particularly harms to privacy, harms associated with security and cybercrime, and harms resulting from digital divides. This video presents less studied but equally important harms: harms associated with internet use that concern the health, well-being a functioning of individuals, and the impact on social structures and institutions. It also lists some concrete policy options to be considered by the EU Institutions and Member States, to mitigate negative effects of the internet for European citizens. Restrictions: ©The material may not be edited and must be shown entirely.

EPRS - Potentially negative effects of internet use

David SASSOLI, EP President, invites Ursula von der LEYEN, President of the European Commission and Romano PRODI, former Commission President with interventions from Sir Tim BERNERS-LEE, computer scientist and Simona LEVI, founder of Xnet, in a debate entitled "Internet access, a new human right" in the framework of the new series of dialogues called "Ideas for a new world", in the European Parliament in Brussels

Video debate with David SASSOLI, EP President: "Internet access: a new human right"

Precizno kmetijstvo uporablja satelite, robote in internet stvari za večji donos z manjšo rabo virov in manj odpadki za zagotavljanje hrane rastočemu svetovnemu prebivalstvu.

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