Defying international criticism, Iran has sentenced many protestors to death, and continues to execute people arrested during recent demonstrations.

The demonstrations started in mid-September after a young woman, Mahsa Amini, died in the custody of the ‘morality police’ for, they claimed, breaking the strict hijab rules. Hundreds of people have been killed in the protests that have followed and thousands arrested because of their brutal repression by the government.

The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights has called these death sentences “state sanctioned killing”, and said that the Iranian government is using executions to intimidate the population and stamp out dissent.

While the EU is discussing a fourth round of sanctions because of the regime crackdown and Iran's military support for Russia, some member states have called for the classification by the EU of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps as a terrorist organisation.

EU - Iran

MEPs assess the latest developments in the Middle East, in particular in Iran, and what the EU can do to help restore peace.

Parliament reviews the latest events in the region, including the US airstrikes against Iranian nuclear facilities at the end of June 2025, and Israel’s earlier attacks on Iranian targets, which led to Iran launching missiles at Israeli cities. In a plenary debate on 16 June, the EU High Representative, Kaja Kallas, said that Iran, as the main source of regional instability, must never be allowed to acquire a nuclear weapon. She also defended diplomacy as the best way to address Iran's nuclear programme in the long run.

MEPs are also expected to repeat their calls for an end to the deplorable humanitarian situation in Gaza, for a new ceasefire between Israel and Hamas, and for a hostage release agreement.

Plenary debate on the situation in Middle East

Joint Debate - Situation in the Middle East
Risk of further instability in the Middle East following the Israel-Iran military escalation
Review of the EU-Israel Association Agreement and the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Gaza

Joint Debate - Situation in the Middle East

MEPs and the Commission discuss Iran’s state-sponsored terrorism in light of recent attacks in Europe.

The debate follows recent reports by European security services that Iran may have been involved in the explosions and shootings that took place near the Israeli embassies in Stockholm and Copenhagen, by using local criminal gangs. European officials have also warned of an increase in assassination attempts by Iranian intelligence targeting Jews and regime critics on European soil.

The European Parliament has long been a vocal critic of the Iranian clerical regime for its brutal suppression of the democratic aspirations of its own citizens, as well as its support for Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. MEPs have also called for the country’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps to be placed on the EU terrorist list.

State sponsored terrorism by the Islamic Republic of Iran in the light of the recent attacks in Europe

Parliament evaluates the escalating violence in the Middle East and the latest developments in Lebanon with EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell. This discussion follows the anniversary of the Hamas terrorist attack that resulted in the deaths of 1,200 Israelis on 7 October 2023, and which has since triggered ongoing conflict in Gaza and broader regional instability.

As Israel intensifies ground operations against Hezbollah in Lebanon, around 100 Israeli hostages remain unaccounted for, and casualty numbers in Gaza continue to rise. In response to the conflict, Iran has launched ballistic missiles at Israel. High Representative Borrell has emphasized the EU's commitment to prevent a regional war. MEPs have previously called for an immediate ceasefire, the unconditional release of hostages, and unrestricted humanitarian aid access, with reports from the Gaza Health Ministry indicating that approximately 40,000 Palestinians have died since October 2023 due to Israel's response to the attack by Hamas.

Escalation of violence in the Middle East and the situation in Lebanon

EP Plenary session - Situation in the Middle East

EP Plenary session - Joint Debate - Situation in the Middle East

EP Plenary session - Debates on cases of breaches of human rights, democracy and the rule of law

EP Plenary session - State sponsored terrorism by the Islamic Republic of Iran in light of the recent attacks in Europe

EP Plenary session - Escalation of violence in the Middle East and the situation in Lebanon

Delegations for relations with Iran Constitutive meeting

EP Plenary session - Debates on cases of breaches of human rights, democracy and the rule of law (Rule 144) Latest attacks against women, women's rights defenders in Iran, and its arbitrary detention of EU nationals

DROI -  Exchange of views on the human rights situation one year after the death of Iranian Masha Amini

EP Plenary session - Statement by the VPC/HR - Iran: one year after the murder of Jina Mahsa Amini

AFET DROI joint meeting - Exchange of views on ‘How to support Human Rights, Freedom and Democracy in Iran

Delegation for relations with Iran - FEMM joint meeting Exchange of views with 2003 Nobel Peace Prize laureate Shirin EBADI on the situation of women in Iran

Charlie WEIMERS meets Crown Prince of IRAN Reza PAHLAVI

EP Plenary session - EU response to the protests and executions in Iran

Roberta METSOLA, EP President delivers a speech at the Iranian Solidarity Rally in Strasbourg

EP Plenary session - EU response to the increasing crack-down on protests in Iran

DROI subcommittee  - Exchange of views on the ongoing mass protests in Iran

DROI Committee - Exchange of views on women’s role in the rights and freedoms protest in Iran and government crackdown

MEPs and EU Foreign Policy Chief Josep BORRELL discuss the countrywide protests against the Islamic regime in Iran after the nationwide demonstrations were triggered by the death in Tehran on 16 September of 22-year-old Mahsa Amini at the hands of Iran’s morality police, who assaulted her for, they claimed, incorrectly wearing her hijab. Second part of the debate.

The death of Mahsa AMINI and the repression of women's rights protesters in Iran: MEPs debate (part 2)

MEPs and EU Foreign Policy Chief Josep BORRELL discuss the countrywide protests against the Islamic regime in Iran after the nationwide demonstrations were triggered by the death in Tehran on 16 September of 22-year-old Mahsa Amini at the hands of Iran’s morality police, who assaulted her for, they claimed, incorrectly wearing her hijab.

The death of Mahsa AMINI and the repression of women's rights protesters in Iran: MEPs debate (part 1)

MEPs and EU Foreign Policy Chief Josep BORRELL discuss the countrywide protests against the Islamic regime in Iran after the nationwide demonstrations were triggered by the death in Tehran on 16 September of 22-year-old Mahsa Amini at the hands of Iran’s morality police, who assaulted her for, they claimed, incorrectly wearing her hijab. Opening statement by Josep BORRELL FONTELLES, HR/VP of the European Commission

The death of Mahsa AMINI and the repression of women's rights protesters in Iran: opening statement by Josep BORRELL FONTELLES, HR/VP of the European Commission

Roberta METSOLA, EP President, meets Azadeh KIAN, Iranian-French academic at the University of Paris. They exchange on the situation in Iran following the death of Mahsa Amini and the repression of women's rights protesters. After her meeting with the President, Azadeh KIAN comments on the latest news in Iran and the police attacks in Sharif University.

Roberta METSOLA, EP President meets with Azadeh KIAN, Iranian professor: arrival, roundtable and statement

During the plenary session (5-8 July 2021) of the European Parliament in Strasbourg, MEPs debate on the case of Ahmadreza Djalali in Iran. Closing statement by Mairead McGUINNESS, European Commissioner for Financial Services, Financial Stability, and Capital Markets Union.

The case of Ahmadreza Djalali in Iran

Members of the EP Subcommittee on Defence and Security (SEDE), the EP Committee on Foreign Affairs (AFET) and the EP Committee for Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE) have an exchange of views with Rafael GROSSI, Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Statement of Rafael GROSSI and from Petras AUŠTREVIČIUS (Renew, LT), and Mick WALLACE (The Left, IE).

Exchange of views with Rafael GROSSI, Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on Iran's situation: extracts from the joint Committee meeting SEDE/ITRE/AFET

Memoclip on Shirin EBADI (born 21 June 1947), Iranian political activist, lawyer and human rights activist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate 2003

Memoclip: Shirin EBADI, Iranian political activist, lawyer and human rights activist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate 2003

During the plenary session (13-16 January 2020) of the European Parliament in Strasbourg, MEPs debate the consequences of the latest confrontation between the US and Iran with EU Foreign Policy Chief Josep BORRELL. Statements by Josep BORRELL FONTELLES, High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice-President of the EC in charge of a stronger Europe in the World, Michael GAHLER (EPP, DE), Kati PIRI (S&D, NL), Hilde VAUTMANS (RE, BE), Ernest URTASUN (Greens/ALE, ES) and Cornelia ERNST (GUE/NGL, DE).

Situation in Iran and Iraq following recent escalations: extracts from the debate

During the plenary session (13-16 January 2020) in the European Parliament in Strasbourg, David SASSOLI, EP President, gives the introductory remarks. On behalf of the EP, David SASSOLI expresses his condolences to friends and families of the victims that died in the Ukrainian passenger jet crash in Tehran (Iran) on Wednesday 8 January. He adds that he isconfident that a transparent inquiry will provide justice for the victims.

Resumption of session: Introductory remarks by David SASSOLI, EP President, on the plane crash in Iran followed by a minute of silence

During the plenary session (16-19 September) of the European Parliament in Strasbourg, MEPs debate on cases of breaches of human rights, democracy and the rule of law, such as the situation in Turkey, notably the removal of elected mayors, Myanmar, notably the situation of the Rohingya, and Iran, notably the situation of women's rights defenders and imprisoned EU dual nationals. Statements by Sergey LAGODINSKY (Greens/EFA, DE), Nacho SÁNCHEZ AMOR (S&D, ES), Özlem DEMIREL (GUE/NGL, DE), Lefteris CHRISTOFOROU (EPP, CY), Marianne THYSSEN, Member of the EC in charge of Employment, Social Affairs, Skills and Labour Mobility, Heidi HAUTALA (Greens/EFA, FI), Neena GILL (S&D, UK), Urmas PAET (RE, EE), Anna FOTYGA (ECR, PL), María Soraya RODRÍGUEZ RAMOS (RE, ES), and Željana ZOVKO (EPP, HR).

Cases of breaches of human rights, democracy and the rule of law: extracts from the debates

Antonio TAJANI, EP President, opens the plenary session in the European Parliament in Strasbourg (15-18 April 2019). Statements on Nasrin Sotoudeh and the conclusion of the EP term.

Introductory remarks by Antonio TAJANI, EP President: extracts from the statement

During the plenary session in Strasbourg (11-14 March 2019), MEPs debate on cases of breaches of human rights, democracy and the rule of law such as the human rights. Statement by Heidi HAUTALA (Greens/EFA, FI) and Neven MIMICA, Member of the EC in charge of International Cooperation and Development on the situation in Kazakhstan, Marietje SCHAAKE (ALDE, NL). Statements by Neven MIMICA, Member of the EC on the situation in Iran and notably the case of human rights defenders. Statements by Xabier BENITO ZILUAGA (GUE/NGL, ES) and Neven MIMICA, Member of the EC on the situation of human rights in Guatemala.

Debates on cases of breaches of human rights, democracy and the rule of law: extracts from the debates

During the plenary session (10-13/12/18) of the European Parliament in Strasbourg, MEPs debate on cases of breaches of human rights, democracy and the rule of law. Statements on Iran by Heidi HAUTALA (Greens/EFA, FI), Charles TANNOCK (ECR, UK) and Neven MIMICA, Member of the EC in charge of International Cooperation and Development. Statements on Egypt by Ignazio CORRAO (EFDD, IT), Elly SCHLEIN (S&D, IT) and Neven MIMICA. Statements on Tanzania by Soraya POST (S&D, SE), Elena VALENCIANO (S&D, ES) and Neven MIMICA.

Cases of breaches of human rights, democracy and the rule of law: extracts from the debates on Iran, notably the case of Nasrin Sotoudeh and Egypt, notably the situation of human rights defenders Tanzania

During the plenary session (12-15/11/18) of the European Parliament in Strasbourg, MEPs debate (14/11) on extraterritorial effects of US sanctions on Iran for European companies. Statements by Vĕra JOUROVÁ, European Commissioner for Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality, Cristian Dan PREDA (EPP, RO), Josef WEIDENHOLZER (S&D, AU), Anna Elżbieta FOTYGA (ECR, PL) and Marietje SCHAAKE (ALDE, NL).

Extraterritorial effects of US sanctions on Iran for European companies: extracts from the debate (14/11)

After recent unilateral decisions by the US administration to pull out of various international deals and organisations, MEPs assess the state of EU-US relations and particularly the "America first" policy and disagreements on trade, the Iran deal and the Middle East peace process during the meeting of the Committee on Foreign Affairs (AFET) in the European Parliament in Brussels. Statements by David McALLISTER (EPP, DE) and Elmar BROK (EPP, DE), Rapporteur. The result of the vote are: 35 in favour, 4 against and 2 abstentions.

EU-US relations: extracts from the vote and statement by Elmar BROK (EPP, DE), Rapporteur

The Committee on Foreign Affairs (AFET) meet with Kazem SADJADPOUR, Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister, in the European Parliament in Brussels. Statements by Takis HADJIGEORGIOU (GUE/NGL, CY), Kazem SADJADPOUR, Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister, Patricia LALONDE (ALDE, FR) and Victor BOŞTINARU (S&D, RO).

Exchange of views with Kazem SADJADPOUR, Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister: extracts from the meeting at the Committee on Foreign Affairs

Live replay of the EP Plenary session Iran nuclear agreement - MEP's debate - Round of political group speakers

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