Antimicrobial-resistant infections are predicted to become the second biggest cause of death worldwide by 2050. Despite increasing investment in the development of new antimicrobials, awareness campaigns on antimicrobial misuse and abuse, and monitoring of antimicrobial use and resistance in animals, humans and the environment, antimicrobial resistance continues to grow and the last three decades have not seen even one novel antimicrobial class reach the market. Could the answer lie in a 'Trojan horse' strategy to disrupt a natural physiological process common to all bacteria?

EPRS STOA podcast - What if a 'Trojan horse' strategy could help address antimicrobial resistance?

The European Commission proposed to expand the scope of the existing EU rules on the deployment of intelligent transport systems (ITS) in road transport to cover new and emerging challenges and to make essential ITS services mandatory across the EU. The proposal seeks to resolve problems stemming from the lack of interoperability and continuity of the existing applications and services, but also from the low level of availability and sharing of the data supporting ITS services. Finally, it aims to ensure effective concertation and cooperation among stakeholders.

EPRS policy podcast - Intelligent road transport systems

Les femmes ne représentent en moyenne qu’environ 16 % des employés des principaux secteurs des transports (terrestre, maritime et aérien). La pénurie de main-d’œuvre dans ces secteurs vitaux se fait toujours plus sentir et a empiré avec la pandémie de coronavirus. Pour y remédier, les spécialistes estiment que le pourcentage de femmes travaillant dans le secteur des transports doit augmenter.

Les femmes dans le secteur des transports - français

L’Union européenne est un marché important pour les substances illicites, tant en termes de consommation que de production. Ce marché est en effet le plus grand marché criminel de l’Union, avec une valeur de détail minimale estimée à 30 milliards d’euros par an. Plus d’un tiers des groupes de criminalité organisée, actifs dans l’Union, sont impliqués dans le commerce de drogue. L’Union européenne est bien consciente du problème et s’engage activement dans la lutte contre la production, le transport et la consommation de drogues illicites.

L’Union européenne et la lutte antidrogue - FR

As part of the 'Fit for 55' package, the Commission presented a legislative proposal to review the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS). The aim of the review is to align the EU ETS Directive with the EU target set out in the European Climate Law to reduce net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 55 % by 2030, compared to 1990 levels. To this end, the amount of emission allowances would be reduced, fewer allowances would be allocated for free, and the ETS would be extended to maritime transport. This would reduce emissions in the ETS sectors by 61 % by 2030, compared to 2005. A separate new emissions trading system would be established for fuel distribution for road transport and buildings.

EPRS policy podcast - Review of the EU ETS: 'Fit for 55' package

International maritime transport is the backbone of the global economy. However, vessels release emissions that pollute the air and contribute significantly to global warming. As shipping is forecast to grow, reducing these emissions is urgent, in order not to undermine emissions-reducing efforts in other areas, to keep humans healthy, preserve the environment and limit climate change.

EPRS policy podcast - Decarbonising maritime transport: The EU perspective

Vous vivez dans une région périphérique ou mal desservie? Alors vous aimeriez peut‑être savoir ce que fait l’Union européenne pour relier les régions comme la vôtre au réseau de transport aérien?

Voici ce que l’Europe fait pour les passagers aériens au départ ou à destination de régions périphériques et mal desservies

În fiecare zi, mii de animale vii sunt transportate către Uniune și în afara ei pentru a fi comercializate sau sacrificate. Iată cum se asigură Uniunea că animalele sunt bine tratate în timpul călătoriei.

Ce face Europa pentru persoanele preocupate de transportul animalelor

Chaque jour, des milliers d’animaux vivants sont transportés dans l’Union ou au-delà pour être vendus ou abattus. Voici comment l’Europe veille à ce qu’ils soient traités correctement pendant les trajets.

Voici ce que l’Europe fait pour vous si vous êtes soucieux du transport des animaux.

Todos os dias, milhares de animais vivos são transportados dentro e fora da UE para comercialização ou abate. Vejamos como a UE assegura que eles sejam adequadamente tratados durante a sua viagem.

Saiba o que a Europa faz pelas pessoas que se preocupam com o transporte de animais.

Każdego dnia tysiące żywych zwierząt jest transportowanych do i z UE na rynek lub do ubojni. Oto, w jaki sposób UE dba o to, by były one prawidłowo traktowane podczas podróży.

Co Europa robi dla osób zainteresowanych dobrostanem zwierząt w trakcie transportu.

Cada día se transportan miles de animales vivos dentro y fuera de la Unión Europea para su venta o matanza. Esta es la forma en que la UE garantiza que se les trata adecuadamente durante el transporte:

Esto es lo que Europa hace por las personas preocupadas por el transporte de los animales.

Every day, thousands of live animals are transported in and out of the EU to market or for slaughter. Here’s how the EU ensures that they are treated properly during their journey.

This is what Europe does for people concerned about animal transport.

Varje dag transporteras tusentals levande djur både inom EU och över EU:s gränser för att säljas eller slaktas. EU agerar för att djuren ska ha det bra under transporterna.

Det här gör EU för djurskydd i samband med transporter.

Si sufres de una discapacidad o de movilidad reducida, te alegrará saber que la Unión te garantiza el mismo derecho a la libre circulación y la no discriminación que a los demás ciudadanos. Veamos cómo se aplica al transporte ferroviario.

Voici ce que fait l’Europe pour les personnes handicapées ou à mobilité réduite qui voyagent en train

Saviez-vous que l’Union européenne avait adopté une série de dix droits de base pour les voyageurs, que vous voyagiez en train, en avion, sur la route ou sur l’eau? Ces droits portent sur l’information, l’assistance aux voyageurs et visent à lutter contre la discrimination. Voyons comment tout cela se traduit concrètement.

Voici ce que l’Europe fait pour ceux qui voyagent en train

Vivre à l’écart du troupeau n’est pas toujours facile. Les services publics de transport, d’éducation, de santé, ainsi que les possibilités d’emploi sont souvent rares dans les zones faiblement peuplées. Les taux de pauvreté aussi y sont parfois élevés. Voici trois choses que l’Union européenne fait pour les habitants des zones à faible densité de population.

Voici ce que l’Europe fait pour les habitants des régions à faible densité de population

Îles, zones montagneuses ou peu peuplées. Ces territoires ont souvent des défis à relever dans l’accès à l’emploi, aux transports ou à la santé. Vous habitez une région reculée? Voici trois choses que l’Union européenne fait pour vous.

Voici ce que l’Europe fait pour les habitants des régions reculées

Energie propre Clean energy is energy produced and consumed with a minimum of greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants.

The transition to clean energy requires large investments in all areas of energy use: electricity generation, transport, heating and cooling, and also industrial activities. Reducing energy demand by means of energy efficiency measures also helps to lower the emissions associated with energy use.

Energie propre

The constitutive meetings of the European Parliament's standing committees and subcommittees take place in Brussels on 10 July 2019, following the appointment of their members in the plenary sitting of 3-4 July. During the meetings, each committee and subcommittee will elect its respective bureau, made up of a Chair and Vice-Chairs, for a two-and-a-half year mandate. The newly set up committees will then start holding their regular meetings during the week of 22 July.

TRAN - Committee on Transport and Tourism

The setting up of the Single Aviation Market in the late 1990s has profoundly transformed the air transport industry and has greatly contributed to the strong growth in air transport in Europe over the past twenty years.

In numerous reports, and also particularly in its resolution of 14 February 1995 entitled ‘The way forward for civil aviation in Europe’, Parliament has emphasised the need for a common policy on air transport providing for greater and fairer competition among airlines. Parliament’s support for the establishment and proper functioning of the Single Aviation Market has therefore been constant. In so doing, however, Parliament has continuously stressed that the liberalisation of air transport must be implemented cautiously and gradually and must balance the interests of both consumersand the industry.

Air Transport - 8th parliamentary term

The committee of inquiry ANIT on alleged contraventions and maladministration in animal transport will primarily investigate the alleged failure of the Commission and of member states to effectively enforce numerous EU rules related to animal transport within the EU and beyond its borders.

The committee should investigate alleged violations in the application of European Union law on the protection of animals during transport - and related operations within and outside the EU, including by air, road, rail and sea.

The constituent meeting will take place on Wednesday, 23 September 2020.

ANIT - Committee of inquiry on the Protection of Animals during Transport

The obectives of the air transport's market rules are to set up a single air transport market in Europe, ensure its proper functioning, and extend it to certain third countries as far as possible.

More than twenty years after the entry into force of the ‘third package’ (in 1992), the functioning of the Single Aviation Market is, of course, still perfectible, as is illustrated by such factors as: the flaws in the slot allocation system; the fact that the vast majority (80%) of routes departing from EU airports are still served by only one (60%) or two carriers (20%); the financial difficulties that several airlines and secondary airports are facing; or the complicated oversight of air carriers now operating in several Member States. Nevertheless, the primary objective has been fully reached: from 1995 to 2014, while the number of passenger-kilometres within the EU-28 increased by around 23%, for air transport it jumped by about 74%. Over the same period, aviation’s share of total passenger transport increased from 6.5% to 9.2%, which is by far the strongest growth of all modes of transport in the EU. Source: <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/en/sheet/131/air-transport-market-rules">Air transport: market rules</a>.

See more on this topic by visiting our <a href="https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/air-transport_5203_pk">package</a> for the 8th parliamentary term.

Air transport

Adina-Ioana Valean, born on 16 February 1968 in Băicoi, is a Romanian politician and has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2007.

After the hearing by the Committee on Transport and Tourism (TRAN) of the European Parliament, the committee prepares an evaluation letter on the candidate.

Hearing of Adina-Ioana VĂLEAN, Commissioner-designate, Transport

TRAN Committee group photo

TRAN Committee - Presentation of a study on Trends, challenges and opportunities in the transport labour market

Committee on Transport and Tourism

TRAN

Joint committee on Agriculture and Rural Development and committee on Transport and Tourism

AGRI

Joint committee on Transport and Tourism and committee on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety

ENVI

Joint Committee on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety and Committee on Transport and Tourism

Ouverture de la séance

Déclarations de la Présidente

Approbation du procès-verbal de la séance précédente

Composition du Parlement

Vérification des pouvoirs

Composition des groupes politiques

Composition des commissions et des délégations

Négociations avant la première lecture du Parlement (article 71 du règlement)

Signature d'actes adoptés conformément à la procédure législative ordinaire (article 79 du règlement)

Ordre des travaux

Reprise de la séance

Les élections européennes 2024 (débat)

Le rôle de la politique fiscale en temps de crise (débat)

Petits réacteurs modulaires (débat)

Exigences minimales relatives aux durées minimales des pauses et des temps de repos journaliers et hebdomadaires dans le secteur du transport occasionnel de voyageurs (brève présentation)

Aliments destinés à la consommation humaine: modification de certaines des directives dites "petit-déjeuner" (brève présentation)

Santé mentale (brève présentation)

Interventions d'une minute sur des questions politiques importantes

Ordre du jour de la prochaine séance

Approbation du procès-verbal de la présente séance

Plenary session

TRAN Committee - Exchange of views with the Verkhovna Rada on Post-war rebuilding of transport and tourism-related infrastructure in Ukraine

TRAN Committee

ENVI TRAN - Accounting of greenhouse gas emissions of transport services

TRAN Committee meeting - Meeting of the Tourism Task Force (TTF)  -Transition pathway for tourism

TRAN Committee meeting - Public hearing on Public Transport Operators

TRAN Committee meeting .Workshop on The suitability of existing post and parcel delivery legislation

ITRE Committee - Votes and group photo

TRAN  - Exchange of views with Josef Doppelbauer, the Executive Director of the European Agency for Railways (ERA)

TRAN - Exchange of views with Commissioner  Adina-Ioana VALEAN in the framework of the Structured Dialogue

ITRE - Presentation of the Belgian Presidency's priorities

TRAN  - Presentation of the priorities of the Belgian Presidency

TRAN - Workshop on the New demands and skills for the green and digital transformation of the transport and automotive sectors

ITRE - Structured dialogue with Commissioner Iliana Ivanova

TRAN Committee - Vote on  update of EU rules on driving licence in order to improve road safety and get closer to zero deaths on EU roads by 2050

TRAN.- EP Disability Rights Week: Discussion on existing barriers in the field of transports and tourism for people with disabilities

TRAN - Exchange of views with European Coordinators for the TEN-T

This infoclip shows the Ljubjana main train station and its ongoing renovation financed by the EU Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) that will increase the efficiency of rail transport for end users, especially by eliminating the existing bottleneck in Ljubljana. In particular, the renovation of the railway station in Ljubljana will increase the capacity for freight and passenger traffic in the wider city area with the aim of reducing the use of cars by daily migrants by enabling a 15-minute frequency of passenger trains in the Ljubljana area from all five directions in the morning and afternoon rush hours. The Recovery and Resilience Facility contributes EUR 214 million to the investment worth EUR 260 million in total. The works started in December 2023 and should be finalised by mid-2026.

Infoclip: Upgrade of the railway station - Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) - Ljubljana (Slovenia)

In the Tricity agglomeration (Gdańsk, Gdynia, Sopot), a large proportion of EU Cohesion funds are spent on road infrastructure. This infoclip shows the Gdańsk-Sucharski-Słowacki roads connecting Lech Wałęsa Airport with the seaport that have been built or renovated with EU Cohesion fund co-financing of 260 million euros. In Gdynia, Kwiatkowski road 41.1 million euros, Janek Wiśniewski street and the Wzgórze St. Maximilian interchange have been expanded. Using the EU support of 31.8 million euros, Tristar – an integrated traffic control system in Gdańsk, Gdynia and Sopot – has been developed and brought into use, which has shortened public transport journey times by 15%.

Infoclip: Road infrastructure - Cohesion Fund - Gdansk (Poland)

This infoclip shows the construction works for the new tram line in Tallinn (Estonia) running along a stretch of about 2.5 kilometers, starting at the intersection of Kivisilla and Gonsiori Streets and extending to Põhja Puiestee. The aim of the works is to improve the comfort of public transport, connecting Tallinn's main transport hubs and making transfers as easy as possible. The Vanasadama tram line construction works, including VAT and owner’s supervision, cost about €46 million, with €36.5 million from the EU Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF).

Infoclip: Construction of the Old City Harbour tram line - Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) – Tallinn (Estonia)

La demande en hausse et le climat géopolitique compliquent l'accès aux ressources essentielles pour la technologie et l’industrie.     Le Parlement européen a approuvé un texte de loi facilitant l’accès aux matières premières essentielles pour les smartphones, les véhicules électriques et les panneaux solaires.        La législation sur les matières premières critiques renforce l'autonomie de l'UE, crée des emplois et stimule la transition écologique et numérique.           En savoir plus avec la vidéo explicative.     

Accéder aux matières premières clés pour la transition numérique et écologique de l’UE  

The Committee on Transport and Tourism (TRAN) votes its draft report on the Driving Licenses Directive, which is part of the Road Safety Package. The directive primarily seeks to improve the road safety through streamlined requirements for novice drivers, accompanied driving schemes as well as provisions related to physical and mental fitness. Another important goal of this piece of legislation is to improve the freedom of movement within the European Union.

Press conference by Karima DELLI (Greens/EFA, FR), rapporteur after the vote on EU driving license rules

The Committee on Transport and Tourism (TRAN) votes its draft report on the Driving Licenses Directive, which is part of the Road Safety Package. The directive primarily seeks to improve the road safety through streamlined requirements for novice drivers, accompanied driving schemes as well as provisions related to physical and mental fitness. Another important goal of this piece of legislation is to improve the freedom of movement within the European Union. This news item shows extracts from the vote and the statement by Karima DELLI, (Greens/EFA, FR), Rapporteur.

EU rules on driving license: extracts from the vote and statement by Karima DELLI, (Greens/EFA, FR), Rapporteur

MEPs of the Committee on Transport and Tourism (TRAN) vote on two reports from the Road Safety package: the Cross-Border Exchange of information Directive, and the one on Union-wide effect of driving disqualifications. This news item shows footage with extracts from the votes and the statements by Petar VITANOV (S&D, BG) and Kosma ZŁOTOWSKI (ECR, PL), Rapporteurs.

Cross-border exchange of information on road-safety and driving disqualifications: extracts from the votes statements by Petar VITANOV (S&D, BG) and Kosma ZŁOTOWSKI (ECR, PL), Rapporteurs

The Recovery and Resilience Mechanism (RRM) is a temporary instrument that forms the centerpiece of the NextGenerationEU funds. The Swedish recovery and resilience plan has responded to the urgent need to foster a strong recovery, while making the Swedish economy and society more resilient and prepared for the future through the €3.2 billion allocated to the country. On green transportation, €148 million will be invested in strengthening support to improve railway capacity. For instance,more than 60 km of Swedish railway tracks were upgraded and 6 switches were replaced on the Gävle-Åänge route. The ultimate goal is to increase rail capacity and enable more people and companies to use rail as a means of transport.

Infoclip: Railway infrastructure upgrade - Recovery and Resilience Fund (RRF) - Gävle-Vallvik (Sweden)

The new Euro 7 emission standards will ensure that cars, vans, lorries and buses are much cleaner, in real driving conditions that better reflect the situation in cities where air pollution problems are largest, and for a much longer period than under current rules. It tackles emissions from tailpipes as well as from brakes and tyres. Battery electric vehicles also still cause pollution from brakes and microplastics from tyres. In 2035, Euro 7 will lower total NOx emissions from cars and vans by 35% compared to Euro 6, and by 56% compared to Euro VI from buses and lorries. At the same time, particles from the tailpipe will be lowered by 13% from cars and vans, and 39% from buses and lorries, while particles from the brakes of a car will be lowered by 27%.This infoclip shows cars, vans, lorries and buses in city environments in Granada, Spain and Brussels, Belgium.

Infoclip: Euro 7 regulation for cars, vans, lorries and buses

Have you ever used an app to help get you to your destination? How long would it take by car? What's the best route? Could public transport get you there faster?
 
The better the data available to the app, the more accurate the answers. MEPs have passed new rules to ensure the information about roads needed by connected vehicles and journey planners is more easily available across the EU.
 
Intelligent transport systems will make our roads safer, greener and more efficient.

Digital traffic data: Rules to improve transport connectivity

MEPs hold a hearing with Maroš Šefčovič, Executive Vice-President of the European Commission in charge of the European Green Deal, Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight, to evaluate his suitability for his new role in the European Commission related to climate policy. Šefčovič would assume responsibility for the European Green Deal, in addition to his current duties related to interinstitutional relations and foresight in the Committees on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI), on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE), on Transport and Tourism (TRAN), and on Agriculture and Rural Development (AGRI). Closing statement by Maroš ŠEFČOVIČ, Executive Vice-President of the European Commission in charge of the European Green Deal, Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight

Hearing of Maroš ŠEFČOVIČ, Executive Vice-President of the European Commission in charge of the European Green Deal, Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight: closing statement by Maroš ŠEFČOVIČ, Executive Vice-President of the European Commission

MEPs hold a hearing with Maroš Šefčovič, Executive Vice-President of the European Commission in charge of the European Green Deal, Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight, to evaluate his suitability for his new role in the European Commission related to climate policy. Šefčovič would assume responsibility for the European Green Deal, in addition to his current duties related to interinstitutional relations and foresight in the Committees on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI), on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE), on Transport and Tourism (TRAN), and on Agriculture and Rural Development (AGRI). Third part of questions and answers.

Hearing of Maroš ŠEFČOVIČ, Executive Vice-President of the European Commission in charge of the European Green Deal, Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight: Questions and answers (part 3)

MEPs hold a hearing with Maroš Šefčovič, Executive Vice-President of the European Commission in charge of the European Green Deal, Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight, to evaluate his suitability for his new role in the European Commission related to climate policy. Šefčovič would assume responsibility for the European Green Deal, in addition to his current duties related to interinstitutional relations and foresight in the Committees on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI), on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE), on Transport and Tourism (TRAN), and on Agriculture and Rural Development (AGRI). Second part of questions and answers.

Hearing of Maroš ŠEFČOVIČ, Executive Vice-President of the European Commission in charge of the European Green Deal, Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight: Questions and answers (part 2)

MEPs hold a hearing with Maroš Šefčovič, Executive Vice-President of the European Commission in charge of the European Green Deal, Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight, to evaluate his suitability for his new role in the European Commission related to climate policy. Šefčovič would assume responsibility for the European Green Deal, in addition to his current duties related to interinstitutional relations and foresight in Committees on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI), on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE), on Transport and Tourism (TRAN), and on Agriculture and Rural Development (AGRI). First part of questions and answers.

Hearing of Maroš ŠEFČOVIČ, Executive Vice-President of the European Commission in charge of the European Green Deal, Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight: Questions and answers (part 1)

MEPs hold a hearing with Maroš Šefčovič, Executive Vice-President of the European Commission in charge of the European Green Deal, Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight, to evaluate his suitability for his new role in the European Commission related to climate policy. Šefčovič would assume responsibility for the European Green Deal, in addition to his current duties related to interinstitutional relations and foresight in Committees on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI), on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE), on Transport and Tourism (TRAN), and on Agriculture and Rural Development (AGRI). Opening statement by Maroš ŠEFČOVIČ, Executive Vice-President of the European Commission in charge of the European Green Deal, Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight. This transcription is a result of an automatic process. Please check against delivery.

Hearing of Maroš ŠEFČOVIČ, Executive Vice-President of the European Commission in charge of the European Green Deal, Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight: opening statement by Maroš ŠEFČOVIČ, Executive Vice-President of the European Commission

MEPs hold a hearing with Maroš Šefčovič, Executive Vice-President of the European Commission in charge of the European Green Deal, Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight, to evaluate his suitability for his new role in the European Commission related to climate policy. Šefčovič would assume responsibility for the European Green Deal, in addition to his current duties related to interinstitutional relations and foresight in Committees on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI), on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE), on Transport and Tourism (TRAN), and on Agriculture and Rural Development (AGRI). Opening and introduction by Pascal CANFIN (Renew, FR) - Chair of ENVI. This transcription is a result of an automatic process. Please check against delivery.

Hearing of Maroš ŠEFČOVIČ, Executive Vice-President of the European Commission in charge of the European Green Deal, Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight: opening and introduction by Pascal CANFIN (Renew, FR) - Chair of ENVI

MEPs hold a hearing with Maroš Šefčovič, Executive Vice-President of the European Commission in charge of the European Green Deal, Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight, to evaluate his suitability for his new role in the European Commission related to climate policy. Šefčovič would assume responsibility for the European Green Deal, in addition to his current duties related to interinstitutional relations and foresight in Committees on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI), on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE), on Transport and Tourism (TRAN), and on Agriculture and Rural Development (AGRI). Arrival and ambiance shots

Hearing of Maroš ŠEFČOVIČ, Executive Vice-President of the European Commission in charge of the European Green Deal, Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight: Arrival and ambiance shots (ENVI, ITRE, TRAN & AGRI Committees)

This news item shows extracs from the hearing with Maroš Šefčovič, Executive Vice-President of the European Commission responsible for the European Green Pact, Inter-institutional Relations and Foresight, in the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI), Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE), Transport and Tourism (TRAN), and Agriculture and Rural Development (AGRI) Committees. MEPs are assessing his suitability for his new role in the European Commission related to climate policy. Šefčovič would assume responsibility for the European Green Pact, in addition to his current functions related to inter-institutional relations and foresight.

Hearing of Maroš ŠEFČOVIČ, Executive Vice-President of the European Commission in charge of the European Green Deal, Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight: extracts from the hearing

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