Recent events have multiplied concerns about potential fragmentation of the internet into a multitude of non-interoperable and disconnected 'splinternets'. Composed of thousands of compatible autonomous systems, the internet is by definition technically divided. Yet, the internet was also designed to be an open and global technical infrastructure. The unity and openness of the internet appear to be under great pressure from political, commercial and technological developments. This report explores the implications of the EU's recent policies in this field as well as the opportunities and challenges for EU Member States and institutions in addressing internet fragmentation. It underlines how recent EU legislative proposals – on the digital services act, digital markets act, artificial intelligence act, and NIS 2 Directive – could help to address patterns of fragmentation, but also have limitations and potentially unintended consequences.

EPRS Science and Technology Podcast - 'Splinternets': Addressing the renewed debate on internet fragmentation

&lt;p>The internet is a critical technology infrastructure for almost two thirds of the global population. We use the internet for personal, civic, commercial and professional activities. Failure of the internet would majorly impact how our societies, lives and work is organised. While a total global collapse of the internet is unlikely, major disruptions may arise. Three aspects are key in understanding of how this could materialise: the underlying technological infrastructures, which are evolving with time; the fact that tech companies are increasingly shaping the Internet architecture to seek new commercial strategies; and the increasing control of the digital sphere for political reasons.&lt;/p>

EPRS policy podcast - Future shocks 2023: Collapse of the Internet

Since its early development in the 1960s, Internet infrastructure has become almost as important as electricity and transport infrastructures in contemporary societies. More and more key services such as banking, food retail, and health care, rely on Internet connections. Despite its original resilient decentralised design, the increasing importance of a few central players and centralising developments have made the Internet more vulnerable to failure. What repercussions would that entail? Listen to our podcast to know more!

EPRS STOA podcast - What if the Internet failed?

Er du træt af sensationspresse, der lefler for den laveste fællesnævner? Du er heldigvis ikke den eneste. Her er tre ting, som EU gør for at hjælpe dig med at blive en avanceret internetbruger.

Dette er, hvad EU gør for avancerede internetbrugere

Omkring 70 % af EU's borgere er afhængige af internettet hver dag. Er du en af dem? EU beskytter dig og de data, der er indsamlet om dig online, på følgende måde

Dette er, hvad EU gør for internetbrugere, hvis personoplysninger indsamles online

Der er 360 millioner europæere, der dagligt bruger internettet. Telefonen og internettet er så stor en del af vores hverdag, at vi ikke kan være foruden. EU er på flere måder med til at forbedre vores telekommunikation

Dette er, hvad EU gør for telefon- og internetbrugere

Har du nogensinde været vidne til eller oplevet misbrug, trusler eller hadefulde udtalelser på internettet? Du har måske forsøgt at fjerne indlæggene blot for at kunne konstatere, at det ikke er så ligetil, og at du har brug for onlineplatformens hjælp. Her er tre ting, som Den Europæiske Union gør for at tage hånd om dette problem.

Dette er, hvad EU gør for ofre for hadefuld tale på internettet

Mange børn elsker at bruge internettet. Her er mulighed for både sjov og leg, og at lære noget nyt. Men børn løber samtidig en risiko, når de går på nettet. EU forsøger derfor på flere måder at gøre internettet sikrere for børn.

Dette er, hvad EU gør for børn, der bruger internettet

Speech by Roberta METSOLA, EP President at EPP Hearing on Internet Safety for Children

EP Plenary session - Oral question - The new European strategy for a better internet for kids (BIK+)

Åbning af mødet

Aftaler om finansielle tjenesteydelser indgået ved fjernsalg (forhandling)

Rensning af byspildevand (forhandling)

Anmodning om ophævelse af immunitet

Opfølgning på Parlamentets afgørelse om immunitet

Den nye europæiske strategi for et bedre internet for børn (BIK+) (forhandling)

Genoptagelse af mødet

Afstemningstid

Godkendelse af protokollen fra foregående møde

Dårlige sanitære forhold, lavt sikkerhedsniveau og mangel på parkeringspladser på rastepladser for lastbilchauffører (forhandling)

Stemmeforklaringer

Godkendelse af protokollen fra dette møde og fremsendelse af vedtagne tekster

Tidspunkt for næste møde

Hævelse af mødet

Afbrydelse af sessionen

Plenary session

Genoptagelse af sessionen

Erklæring fra formanden

Meddelelse fra formanden

Godkendelse af protokollerne fra de foregående møder

De politiske gruppers sammensætning

Forhandlinger forud for Parlamentets førstebehandling (forretningsordenens artikel 71): se protokollen

Undertegnelse af retsakter vedtaget efter den almindelige lovgivningsprocedure (forretningsordenens artikel 79): se protokollen

Arbejdsplan

Forberedelse af Det Europæiske Råds møde den 24.-25. juni 2021 - Relancering af Maltaeklæringen og anvendelse af en effektiv solidaritetsmekanisme (forhandling)

Fremtiden for forbindelserne mellem EU og Schweiz (forhandling)

Afstemningsrunde

Fremtiden for forbindelserne mellem EU og Schweiz (fortsat forhandling)

Fælles bestemmelser for Den Europæiske Fond for Regionaludvikling, Den Europæiske Socialfond Plus, Samhørighedsfonden, Fonden for Retfærdig Omstilling, Den Europæiske Hav-, Fiskeri- og Akvakulturfond og om finansielle regler for nævnte fonde og for Asyl- og Migrationsfonden, Fonden for Intern Sikkerhed og instrumentet for finansiel støtte til forvaltning af de ydre grænser og den fælles visumpolitik 2021-2027 - Den Europæiske Fond for Regionaludvikling (EFRU) og Samhørighedsfonden 2021-2027 - Særlige bestemmelser for målet om europæisk territorialt samarbejde (Interreg), der støttes af Den Europæiske Fond for Regionaludvikling (EFRU) og de eksterne finansieringsinstrumenter 2021-2027 (forhandling)

Kommissionens rapport om retsstatssituationen 2020 (forhandling)

Kommissionens rapporter 2019-2020 om Bosnien-Hercegovina (forhandling)

Bekendtgørelse af afstemningsresultaterne

Udvalgenes og delegationernes sammensætning

Situationen for så vidt angår seksuel og reproduktiv sundhed og rettigheder i EU inden for rammerne af kvinders sundhed (forhandling)

Fællesforetagende for europæisk højtydende databehandling (forhandling)

25-året for den internationale konference om befolkning og udvikling (ICPD25) (Nairobitopmødet) (forhandling)

Målrettet EU-regulering samt nærheds- og proportionalitetsprincippet - rapport om bedre lovgivning for årene 2017, 2018 og 2019 (kortfattet forelæggelse)

Dagsorden for næste møde

Internet access: a new human right

De interparlamentariske delegationers sammensætning: se protokollen

Udvalgenes sammensætning: se protokollen

Forberedelse af det ekstraordinære møde i Det Europæiske Råd den 20. februar 2020 om den flerårige finansielle ramme (forhandling)

Stemmerettelser og -intentioner: se protokollen

Godkendelse af protokollen fra foregående møde: se protokollen

Et socialt Europa i en digital verden (debat om et aktuelt spørgsmål)

Strategi for ligestilling mellem kønnene (forhandling)

EU's prioriteter for den 64. samling i FN's Kommission for Kvinders Status (forhandling)

Udvalgenes og delegationernes sammensætning: se protokollen

Systemet for falske og ægte dokumenter online (FADO) (forhandling)

Status i EU's indsats mod pengehvidvaskning i lyset af Luanda Leaks (forhandling)

De politiske gruppers sammensætning: se protokollen

Den humanitære situation for flygtninge ved EU's eksterne grænser (forhandling)

Et bedre internet for børn (forhandling)

Coronavirus: sikring af grundlæggende rettigheder og en koordineret EU-indsats (forhandling)

Godkendelse af protokollen for dette møde: se protokollen

Dagsorden for næste møde: se protokollen

Plenary

Åbning af sessionen

Beslutning om uopsættelig forhandling (forretningsordenens artikel 154): se protokollen

Ændring af dagsordenen: se protokollen

Kønsbalancen ved nomineringer inden for EU's økonomiske og monetære anliggender (forhandling)

Drøftelse med Den Slovakiske Republiks premierminister, Peter Pellegrini, om Europas fremtid (forhandling)

En europæisk sanktionsordning for krænkelser af menneskerettighederne (forhandling)

Kommissionens 2018-rapport om Tyrkiet (forhandling)

Fortolkning af forretningsordenen: se protokollen

Delegerede retsakter (forretningsordenens artikel 105, stk. 6): se protokollen

Nødsituation i Venezuela (forhandling)

Den opfølgning, EU-Udenrigstjenesten har foretaget to år efter Europa-Parlamentets betænkning om EU's strategiske kommunikation til bekæmpelse af tredjemands propaganda mod EU (forhandling)

Samarbejdsaftale om partnerskab og udvikling mellem EU og Afghanistan - Samarbejdsaftale om partnerskab og udvikling mellem EU og Afghanistan (beslutning) (forhandling)

Associeringsaftalen mellem EU og Monaco, Andorra og San Marino (forhandling)

Tilgængelighedskrav til produkter og tjenesteydelser (forhandling)

EU-hasteopstilling af sort liste over tredjelande på baggrund af direktivet om hvidvaskning af penge (forhandling)

Visuminformationssystemet (forhandling)

Asyl- og Migrationsfond (forhandling)

Instrumentet for finansiel støtte til grænseforvaltning og visa (forhandling)

Fond for Intern Sikkerhed (forhandling)

Fremme af internetforbindelser i lokalsamfund (forhandling)

Promotion of internet connectivity in local communities (debate)

Internetkonnektivitet med henblik på vækst, konkurrencedygtighed og samhørighed: et europæisk gigabitsamfund og 5G - Digitalisering af EU's industri (forhandling)

Internet connectivity for growth, competitiveness and cohesion: European gigabit society and 5G - Digitising European industry (debate)

Den nylige overdragelse af forvaltningen af IANA til det globale internetsamfund i oktober 2016 og det kommende Internet Governance Forum i Mexico (6.-8. december 2016) (forhandling)

Recent transition of the IANA stewardship to the global internet community in October 2016 and the upcoming Internet Governance Forum in Mexico (6-8 December 2016) (debate)

Intern sikkerhed i EU - de fremskridt, der er gjort med hensyn til gennemførelsen af vedtagne sikkerhedsforanstaltninger, og de udfordringer, der ligger forude (forhandling)

Internal Security in the EU - Progress made in the implementation of adopted security measures and challenges ahead (debate)

EYE 2016 – EYEtv Debates « The internet of inequality: next generation digital revolution » and « Dark shadows around the corner: climate change and future food »

UNKN

Bekæmpelse af seksuelt misbrug af børn på internettet (forhandling)

Fight against child sexual abuse on the Internet (debate)

Fornyelse af mandatet til Internet Governance Forum (forhandling)

Renewal of the mandate of the Internet Governance Forum (debate)

Almindelige bestemmelser - Asyl-, migrations- og integrationfond og Fonden for Intern Sikkerhed - Asyl-, migrations- og integrationsfond - Fonden for Intern Sikkerhed (politisamarbejde, forebyggelse og bekæmpelse af kriminalitet samt krisestyring) - Fonden for Intern Sikkerhed (ydre grænser og visa) (forhandling)

Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund and Internal Security Fund (general provisions) - Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund - Internal Security Fund (Police cooperation, preventing and combating crime and crisis management) - Internal Security Fund (External borders and visas) (debate)

EU's strategi for cybersikkerhed: et åbent og sikkert internet - Den digitale dagsorden for Europa - Digital teknologi som drivkraft for vækst (forhandling)

EU cybersecurity strategy: an open, safe and secure cyberspace - Digital agenda for growth, mobility and employment (debate)

Den integrerede struktur for intern kontrol - Beskyttelse af EU's finansielle interesser - bekæmpelse af svig (forhandling)

Integrated internal control framework - Protection of the EU's financial interests - fight against fraud (debate)

USA's internetovervågning af EU-borgere (NSA's PRISM-program) (forhandling)

US Internet surveillance of EU citizens (NSA PRISM programme) (debate)

Kort-, internet- og mobilbetalinger (kortfattet forelæggelse)

Card, Internet and mobile payments (short presentation)

Diskriminerende internetsider og myndighedernes reaktioner (forhandling)

Discriminatory Internet sites and government reactions (debate)

Press seminar for web journalists

Video Hearing with the Senate of the Italian Republic - Statement by David SASSOLI, EP President on Internet as a human right

' Ideas for a new world '  Internet access: a new human right - Debate with EC President and former EC President- Introduction by David SASSOLI, EP President

Plenary session - Implementation and functioning of the .eu top level domain name

JURI committee meeting. Exchange of views with Romanian Presidency. Presentation of study on Essential Patents and Internet of Things, commissioned by the European Parliament's Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of JURI committee

Press conference on the launch of the new website ' What Europe does for for me '

Press conference on the launch of the new website ' WHAT EUROPE DOES FOR ME '

Facebook & Other Social Dangers - The political, social and financial impactof the big internet monopolies

Data Protection Policy on Internet - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

Internet privacy settings on a computer

The new EP Multimedia Center. Display of MMC platform on desktop screen.

The Internet of the Human Body: Towards a habeas data?

Plenary session week 37 2017 in Strasbourg - Promotion of internet connectivity in local communities

Lessons learned for Security and Liability in the Internet of Things

New economy - Uber transportation service company

MEPs vote on several texts: opening of negotiations on the Union Code on the rules governing the movement of persons across borders - Guillaume, Human rights situation in Afghanistan, in particular the persecution of former government officials - Motion for resolution, the case of Zarema Musaeva in Chechnya - Motion for resolution, Egypt, in particular the sentencing of Hisham Kassem - Motion for resolution, European green bonds - Tang, Scheme of generalised tariff preferences - Hautala, Financial services contracts concluded at a distance - Kokalari, Urban wastewater treatment. Recast - Torvalds, Situation in Nagorno-Karabakh after Azerbaijan’s attack - Motion for resolution, Taking stock of Moldova’s path to the EU - Motion for resolution, The new European strategy for a better internet for kids (BIK+) - Motion for resolution.

Voting session: Union Code on the rules governing the movement of persons across borders, the new European strategy for a better internet for kids (BIK+), taking stock of Moldova’s path to the EU

The infoclips illustrates the devices which fall under the requirements of the Cyber Resilience Act, like smart vacuum cleaners, smart washing machine, smart watches, security cameras, etc. The latest proposal in the EU Cyber Resilience Act Introduces mandatory cybersecurity requirements for products with digital elements and it covers a broad range of devices - it would include all products that are connected either directly or indirectly to another device or network, including hardware, software and ancillary services and would impose obligations on manufacturers, importers, and distributors of these products to provide duty of care across their whole life cycle. The proposal aims to ensure better protection for consumers through increasing the responsibility of manufacturers by obliging them to provide security support and software updates to address identified vulnerabilities, and providing them with information about cybersecurity of products they buy and use.

Infoclip: EU Cyber Resilience Act, better protection for smart devices

The internet provides many opportunities for kids to learn and explore, to be creative or to interact with their friends and family, but it also entails many risks such as cyberbullying, age-inappropriate content, disinformation and sexual abuse. In May 2022, the European Commission published a new European strategy for a better internet for kids (BIK+). The new strategy contributes to the vision for the EU's digital transformation by 2030 and reflects the principle, 'Children and young people should be protected and empowered online'. Restrictions: ©The material may not be edited and must be shown entirely.

EPRS - Creating a better internet for kids

Precise figures about the numbers of illegal firearms in the European Union (EU) are lacking, but several indicators point to their widespread availability and accessibility. According to the Small Arms Survey, over half of the estimated total number of firearms held by civilians in the EU in 2017 were unlicensed. While most of these citizens had no criminal intentions, their illicit firearms could be used for self-harm or domestic violence, or end up in the hands of criminals or terrorists. Most criminals and terrorists have more sophisticated ways to get hold of illicit firearms. They can be trafficked from source countries, diverted from legal supply chains, illegally manufactured or assembled in the EU, converted from legally available weapons, or sourced on the internet... ©The material may not be edited and must be shown entirely.

EPRS - 5 facts about firearms trafficking

In the weeks preceding the war, Russia attacked Ukrainian websites in the context of its hybrid war on the country. In the past, cyber-attacks have cut off electricity networks in Kyiv. While Russia deploys cyber warfare and disinformation strategies in its war on #Ukraine, social platforms, and telecommunication, media and internet operators are playing an important role in relaying information on the war and shaping public opinion. The EU has taken a number of immediate, practical, measures to support Ukraine, and is contemplating further action to build the resilience of its communications infrastructures, strengthen cybersecurity and counter disinformation.... ©The material may not be edited and must be shown entirely.

EPRS - The digital dimension of Russia's war on Ukraine

Prázdninové plány zmařené přísnými lockdownovými pravidly, nedostatek kontaktu s jinými lidmi a dva teenageři doma – rodina Diaconescu si prožila své. Co je během pandemie drželo nad vodou? Celý příběh rodiny Diaconescu si můžete poslechnout v rozhovoru, který v červenci 2021 poskytli ve videu z cyklu „Spojeni v odloučení“.

Spojeni v odloučení | Příběh rodiny Diaconescu: „Naše děti se s kamarády mohly spojit jen přes internet“

Die Urlaubspläne zunichtegemacht, die sozialen Beziehungen auf Eis gelegt und zwei Teenager zuhause – die Coronapandemie und die damit verbundene Ausgangssperre stellte Familie Diaconescu auf eine harte Probe. Wie haben sie diese Herausforderung gemeistert? Familie Diaconescu erzählt ihre Geschichte in dem Video-Interview an, das sie im Juli 2021 für „Gemeinsam getrennt“ gab.

Gemeinsam getrennt | Familie Diaconescus Geschichte: „Unsere Kinder konnten nur übers Internet mit ihren Freunden in Verbindung bleiben“

„Distanční vyučování bych si zopakovat nechtěla,“ říká Sandra, učitelka na základní škole ve Švédsku. Učit šest týdnů přes internet pro ni bylo velmi náročné. Pracovala nepřetržitě, aby si se svými žáky udržela pouto. Jaké to pro ni bylo, když se zase všichni sešli ve třídě? Celý Sandřin příběh si můžete poslechnout v rozhovoru, který v květnu 2021 poskytla ve videu z cyklu „Spojeni v odloučení“.

Spojeni v odloučení | Sandřin příběh: „Kdy se vrátíme do školy?“

„Nie chciałabym znów nauczać na odległość”, mówi Sandra, nauczycielka ze szkoły podstawowej w Szwecji. Sześć tygodni nauczania przez internet było nie lada wyzwaniem. Pracowała na okrągło, aby utrzymać kontakt z uczniami. Jak się czuła w tym wielkim dniu, kiedy wszyscy znowu spotkali się w klasie? Poznaj jej historię, którą opowiedziała w wywiadzie z serii „Połączeni rozłąką” w maju 2021 roku.

Połączeni rozłąką | Historia Sandry: „Kiedy w końcu wrócimy do szkoły?”

I det sidste plenarmøde i 2021 vil Parlamentet tildele Aleksej Navalnyj Sakharov-prisen for tankefrihed 2021. MEP'erne vil drøfte, hvordan store onlineplatforme bør reguleres strengere og stemme om at gøre 2022 til det europæiske ungdomsår. Alt dette og mere er på dagsordenen i Strasbourg.

På dagsordenen i Strasbourg: Sakharov-prisen, internetgiganter og ungdom

Parlamentet fordømte en ny lov i Ungarn, der diskriminerer LGBTIQ-personer og ansporede EU til at starte en sanktionsproces. MEP'erne vedtog planer om at forbedre internetforbindelsen i hele EU og om at slå ned på materiale til seksuelt misbrug af børn online. Parlamentet stemte for at forlænge Det Europæiske Lægemiddelagenturs mandat og tog beslutningen om prioriteterne for det næste miljøhandlingsprogram.

Højdepunkter fra plenarmødet: Ungarns anti-LGBTIQ-lov, forbedret internetforbindelse og en stærkere rolle til EMA

As of May 2018, with the entry into application of the General Data Protection Regulation, there is one set of data protection rules for all companies operating in the EU, wherever they are based. This Infoclip illustrates people consulting websites on computer and smartphones, GDPR compliances on various websites, internet connections, rooters and servers.

Infoclip: General Data Protection Regulation two years after its application

During the plenary session of the European Parliament in Brussels (8-11 February 2021), MEPs debate Democratic Scrutiny of Social Media and the Protection of Fundamental Rights with the European Council and the European Commission. Extracts from the debate. Statements of Ana Paula ZACARIAS, Portuguese Secretary of State for European Affairs, Vĕra JOUROVÁ, Vice-President of the EC in charge of Values and Transparency, and MEPs : Marina KALJURAND, Alexandra GEESE, Dragoș TUDORACHE, Geert BOURGEOIS, Paulo RANGEL.

Democratic Scrutiny of Social Media and the Protection of Fundamental Rights: extracts from the debate

During the plenary session of the European Parliament in Brussels (08-11 February 2021), MEPs debate the Democratic Scrutiny of Social Media and the Protection of Fundamental Rights. Opening statements by Ana Paula ZACARIAS, Portuguese Secretary of State for European Affairs and by Vĕra JOUROVÁ, Vice-President of the European Commission.

Democratic Scrutiny of Social Media and the Protection of Fundamental Rights: Opening statements by Ana Paula ZACARIAS, Portuguese Secretary of State for European Affairs and by Vĕra JOUROVÁ, Vice-President of the European Commission

David SASSOLI, EP President, gives a statement on "Internet as a human right" during a Video Hearing with the Senate of the Italian Republic (Extraordinry Committee for the protection and the promotion of Human Rights). Recorded statement. This transcription speech is the result of an automatic process. Check against delivery.

Statement by David SASSOLI, EP President on "Internet as a human right" during a video Hearing of the Senate of the Italian Republic (recorded)

It is increasingly recognised that the internet, in spite of all its benefits to society, can also be correlated with significant harms to individuals and society. Some of these harms have been studied extensively, particularly harms to privacy, harms associated with security and cybercrime, and harms resulting from digital divides. This video presents less studied but equally important harms: harms associated with internet use that concern the health, well-being a functioning of individuals, and the impact on social structures and institutions. It also lists some concrete policy options to be considered by the EU Institutions and Member States, to mitigate negative effects of the internet for European citizens. Restrictions: ©The material may not be edited and must be shown entirely.

EPRS - Potentially negative effects of internet use

This infoclip illustrates examples of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in everyday life: home assistants, connected home, e-commerce, social networks, predictive search on internet, navigation app., city bike rentals, video filters, image recognition system, augmented reality... (shootings took place in Strasbourg region - France, October 2020)

Infoclip: Artificial Intelligence in everyday life

David SASSOLI, EP President, invites Ursula von der LEYEN, President of the European Commission and Romano PRODI, former Commission President with interventions from Sir Tim BERNERS-LEE, computer scientist and Simona LEVI, founder of Xnet, in a debate entitled "Internet access, a new human right" in the framework of the new series of dialogues called "Ideas for a new world", in the European Parliament in Brussels

Video debate with David SASSOLI, EP President: "Internet access: a new human right"

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